BEFORE GIVING CPR

• Check safety: Make sure the scene is safe. Tap the person and check for normal breathing.
• Call 911: If unresponsive, call 911 or assign someone to do it and bring an AED.
• Start compressions: If they’re not breathing or only gasping, begin hands-only CPR immediately.

HANDS-ONLY CPR

• Position: Person flat on their back on a firm surface.
• Kneel: Kneel beside the chest, knees shoulder-width apart.
• Hand placement: Heel of one hand in center of chest; other hand on top; fingers lifted off chest.
• Body form: Shoulders over hands, elbows locked, arms straight.
• Compressions: Push hard (at least 2 inches) and fast (100–120/min).
• Recoil: Allow chest to rise fully after each compression.

FULL CPR WITH BREATHS

• Check the scene: Ensure safety and use PPE if available.
• Assess: Shout–tap–shout to check responsiveness. Look for breathing and severe bleeding.
• Call 911: If no breathing/only gasping, call 911 and get an AED.
• Begin compressions:
  • Two hands centered on chest
  • Shoulders over hands
  • Depth: ≥2 inches
  • Rate: 100–120/min
  • Full recoil
• Give breaths:
  • Head-tilt / chin-lift
  • Pinch nose, make a seal, give 2 breaths (1 second each)
  • Chest must rise
• Continue: 30 compressions + 2 breaths.Use AED as soon as available. Minimize pauses (<10 seconds).

Before Giving Child or Baby CPR

• Check the scene for safety.
• Make sure the area is safe, form an initial impression, use PPE if available, and obtain consent from a
  parent or guardian if they are present.
• Check responsiveness (shout–tap–shout).
• Child: Shout their name, tap their shoulder, and look for normal breathing or life-threatening bleeding.
• Baby: Say their name, tap the bottom of their foot, and check for normal breathing or obvious lifethreatening conditions.
• Check for no more than 10 seconds.
• Call 911 immediately.
• If the child or baby is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping, call 911 and get an AED—or send
  someone to do it.

Performing Child & Baby CPR

• Position the child or baby.
• Place them flat on their back on a firm, flat surface.
• For a child: kneel beside the chest.
• For a baby: stand or kneel at a slight angle near the chest..

Chest Compressions (30 Compressions)

• For a child:
  
• • Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest; use both hands if needed.
  • Shoulders directly over hands, elbows locked, arms straight.
  • Push about 2 inches deep at 100–120 compressions/minute.
  • Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression.
  • For a smaller child, use one hand.
• • For a baby (two-thumb encircling technique):
    
  • Place both thumbs side-by-side on the center of the chest just below the nipple line
  • Wrap your fingers around the baby’s back for support.
  • Push 1½ inches deep at 100–120 compressions/minute.
  • Allow full chest recoil.

• • Alternative for a baby (two-finger technique):
    
    • Use two fingers placed on the center of the chest.
    • Use if you cannot achieve adequate depth with the thumb technique.
    • Compress to the same 1½-inch depth.

Rescue Breaths (2 Breaths)

• • • • Open the airway:
        
      • Child: slightly past-neutral head-tilt/chin-lift.
      • Baby: neutral head position, gentle chin lift.
      • Give 2 effective breaths:
        
    • Each breath lasts 1 second and must make the chest rise.
    • Let the chest fall before giving the next breath.
    • If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and retry.
    • If the second breath still doesn’t rise, the airway may be obstructed.

Continue CPR

• • • • Continue cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until one of the following occurs:
      • You see clear signs of life
      • An AED becomes available
      • Another trained responder takes over
      • EMS arrives and begins care
      • You are too exhausted to continue
      • The scene becomes unsafe
      • You have completed about 2 minutes of CPR (5 cycles), you are alone caring for a baby, and you need to call 911
      • Whether a shock is delivered or no shock is advised, immediately resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions.
      • Follow the AED prompts and continue care until EMS arrives or the person shows signs of life.

Before Using the AED

• • • Complete the CHECK and CALL steps.
    • Ensure the scene is safe, confirm the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, and call 911 or send someone to do so.
    • Turn on the AED as soon as it arrives.
    • Open the device and follow the voice prompts—it will guide you through every step.

Attaching AED Pads

• • • • Expose and prepare the chest.
      • Remove all clothing covering the chest. If wet, wipe the chest dry before placing pads.
      • Apply pads in the correct positions:
        • One pad goes on the upper right side of the chest.
        • The other pad goes on the lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the armpit.
      • If pads might touch:
        • Place one pad in the middle of the chest, and the other on the back between the shoulder blades.
      • Connect the pad cable if your AED model requires it.

Analysis and Shock

• • Prepare for rhythm analysis.
  • Make sure no one is touching the person.
  • Say “CLEAR!” firmly so everyone steps back.
  • Deliver the shock if advised.
  • If the AED instructs you to shock:
    • Ensure again that no one is touching the person.
    • Say “CLEAR!” loudly.
    • Press the shock button when prompted.